The Supreme Court's Rulings on Race Neutrality Threaten Progress in Medicine and Health.

This Viewpoint examines the recent Supreme Court rulings on race neutrality, striking down affirmative action programs in higher education, which will affect efforts to eliminate health inequities in the US.

Coercion (pasung) and people with a mental disorder in Indonesia: Bioethics and health law.

Arbitrary coercion (pasung) in people with a mental disorder not only violates human rights but also basic requirements of bioethics and health law. Within Indonesia coercion is a national issue in many regions. It hinders Indonesia's national programs, such as the "Indonesia Bebas Pasung" (Indonesia free from coercion). Mental disorder is not an issue just for the family. It is also a national problem. Indonesia's government has been working to regulate mental health and coercion, but yet there is no proper implementation which frustrates achieving a society living with good mental health. Action is possible to restore a person with a mental disorder to the community enabling them to undertake an active role; restore and shape their core basic skills to achieve greater independence; and to involve families and communities. Mental disorder treatment and care require the participation of family and society to achieve a system that respect mental health law and bioethical standards.

Social control in the sectors of sanitation and health: a comparative analysis based on the Brazilian legal framework. / O controle social em saneamento e em saúde: análise comparativa com base nos marcos legais federais brasileiros.

Comparison between federal Brazilian legal frameworks in the areas of health and sanitation, from the perspective of participation, is the thread of this work, considering the pioneering of health and its possible influence on sanitation. The comparative effort was made from six analytical criteria: defined social control mechanisms; character given to social control; responsibility, recommendations and support to enable social control; access to information; control over the use of resources; control of the implementation of the resolutions. It was evaluated if the sanitation framework have been helped by health formulations and if have achieved produce more effective practices of social control in the conduct of public policy. The results show that, although it has received some influence from the health area, the water and sanitation framework is more restricted and has less potential to produce more effective practices, since it presents: 1) more restrictive mechanisms because they are not necessarily deliberative; 2) lack of a policy of training counselors and popular education to incentive participation; 3) absence of effective mechanisms for monitoring the use of resources.

A comparação entre os marcos legais federais brasileiros das áreas de saúde e de saneamento, sob a perspectiva do controle social, é o fio condutor deste trabalho, tendo em vista o pioneirismo da primeira e sua possível influência sobre a segunda. O esforço comparativo foi realizado a partir de seis critérios analíticos: mecanismos de controle social definidos; caráter conferido ao controle social; responsabilidade, recomendações e apoio para viabilizar o controle social; acesso à informação; controle sobre o uso dos recursos; controle da implementação das deliberações. Avaliaram-se possibilidades de o marco do saneamento se beneficiar das formulações no campo da saúde e lograr produzir práticas mais efetivas de controle social na condução dessa política pública. Os resultados revelam que, mesmo tendo recebido alguma influência da área de saúde, o marco do saneamento é mais restrito e tem menor potencialidade de produzir práticas mais efetivas, uma vez que apresenta: 1) mecanismos mais restritivos por não serem necessariamente deliberativos; 2) ausência de uma política de formação de conselheiros e de educação popular como incentivo e fortalecimento ao controle social; 3) ausência de mecanismos efetivos voltados para a fiscalização do uso dos recursos.

O controle social em saneamento e em saúde: análise comparativa com base nos marcos legais federais brasileiros / Social control in the sectors of sanitation and health: a comparative analysis based on the Brazilian legal framework

Resumo A comparação entre os marcos legais federais brasileiros das áreas de saúde e de saneamento, sob a perspectiva do controle social, é o fio condutor deste trabalho, tendo em vista o pioneirismo da primeira e sua possível influência sobre a segunda. O esforço comparativo foi realizado a partir de seis critérios analíticos: mecanismos de controle social definidos; caráter conferido ao controle social; responsabilidade, recomendações e apoio para viabilizar o controle social; acesso à informação; controle sobre o uso dos recursos; controle da implementação das deliberações. Avaliaram-se possibilidades de o marco do saneamento se beneficiar das formulações no campo da saúde e lograr produzir práticas mais efetivas de controle social na condução dessa política pública. Os resultados revelam que, mesmo tendo recebido alguma influência da área de saúde, o marco do saneamento é mais restrito e tem menor potencialidade de produzir práticas mais efetivas, uma vez que apresenta: 1) mecanismos mais restritivos por não serem necessariamente deliberativos; 2) ausência de uma política de formação de conselheiros e de educação popular como incentivo e fortalecimento ao controle social; 3) ausência de mecanismos efetivos voltados para a fiscalização do uso dos recursos.

Abstract Comparison between federal Brazilian legal frameworks in the areas of health and sanitation, from the perspective of participation, is the thread of this work, considering the pioneering of health and its possible influence on sanitation. The comparative effort was made from six analytical criteria: defined social control mechanisms; character given to social control; responsibility, recommendations and support to enable social control; access to information; control over the use of resources; control of the implementation of the resolutions. It was evaluated if the sanitation framework have been helped by health formulations and if have achieved produce more effective practices of social control in the conduct of public policy. The results show that, although it has received some influence from the health area, the water and sanitation framework is more restricted and has less potential to produce more effective practices, since it presents: 1) more restrictive mechanisms because they are not necessarily deliberative; 2) lack of a policy of training counselors and popular education to incentive participation; 3) absence of effective mechanisms for monitoring the use of resources.

Translating research to policy at the NCSE 2017 symposium "Microbiology of the Built Environment: Implications for Health and Design".

Here, we summarize a symposium entitled "Microbiology of the Built Environment: Implications for Health and Design" that was presented at the National Council for Science and the Environment (NCSE) 17th National Conference and Global Forum in January 2017. We covered topics including indoor microbial exposures and childhood asthma, the influence of hospital design on neonatal development, the role of the microbiome in our premise (i.e., building) plumbing systems, antibiotic resistance, and quantitative microbial risk assessment. This symposium engaged the broader scientific and policy communities in a discussion to increase awareness of this critical research area and translate findings to practice.

Local health rules and building regulations: a survey on local hygiene and building regulations in Italian municipalities.

INTRODUCTION: WHO has highlighted the need to strengthen the relationship between health and built environment factors, such as inappropriate housing conditions. Local Health Rules (LHRs) and Building Regulations (BRs) are tools which provide safety and building hygiene in construction practices. Currently the Italian Government is considering to establish a National Building Regulation and, related to the following purpose, this paper presents a survey on the status of adoption and updating of LHRs and BRs in Italian municipalities. METHODOLOGY: The current Italian state of LHRs, BRs and Municipal Development Plans (MDPs) have been examined by a survey considering a sample of about 550 cities, with different demo graphic and geographic features, starting from the previous research work by Signorelli et al. (1999). RESULTS: The analysis underlines a serious shortage of updated LHRs, especially in small and medium-sized municipalities whereas BRs and MDPs are widespread. Only 30% of them are previously approved and validated by Local Health Authorities. CONCLUSION: Starting from a survey, the present scenario of Building Regulations requires the introduction of further performance guidelines instead of normative ones and, therefore, the current actions to give rise to a National Building Regulation could be integrated by building hygiene contents of LHRs.

Upholding science in health, safety and environmental risk assessments and regulations.

A public appeal has been advanced by a large group of scientists, concerned that science has been misused in attempting to quantify and regulate unmeasurable hazards and risks.1 The appeal recalls that science is unable to evaluate hazards that cannot be measured, and that science in such cases should not be invoked to justify risk assessments in health, safety and environmental regulations. The appeal also notes that most national and international statutes delineating the discretion of regulators are ambiguous about what rules of evidence ought to apply. Those statutes should be revised to ensure that the evidence for regulatory action is grounded on the standards of the scientific method, whenever feasible. When independent scientific evidence is not possible, policies and regulations should be informed by publicly debated trade-offs between socially desirable uses and social perceptions of affordable precaution. This article explores the premises, implications and actions supporting the appeal and its objectives.

Gestos de formação: experiências de integração ensino-serviço em saúde + arte literária / Gestures of training: experiences of service-learning health + literary art

Este trabalho, fruto de uma iniciativa de mestrado profissional, combinou pesquisa científica com arte literária, especialmente com o romance Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira, de José Saramago. O objetivo desta pesquisa: elaborar um ensaio baseado em um processo de argumentação para pensar a minha formação em saúde a partir de diferentes experiências. Para desenvolvê-lo, uso o seguinte argumento: as minhas experiências no Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) são um diferencial na minha formação em Educação Física. Para demonstrar a validade desse argumento, levantei premissas e discorri sobre elas a fim de concluir esse processo de argumentação. São elas: (1) diversificação do cenário de ensino-aprendizagem; (2) aproximação de

estudantes com o ambiente de trabalho; (3) vivência interprofissional com vistas ao exercício da integralidade; (4) abertura para outros modos de pensar o corpo na formação em Educação Física. A propósito das experiências dos participantes da pesquisa, foi feito um encontro no qual conduzi duas atividades: narrativas individuais escritas e roda de conversa nos moldes de um grupo focal. Como resultado, apresento experiências de integração ensino-serviço de estudantes de Educação Física na atenção primária/atenção básica em saúde a partir do PET-Saúde no Projeto da USP-Capital, versão de 2010-2012. A partir delas, destacamos que houve mudanças nos modos de pensar e de operar as práticas de saúde, além de transformar o profissional a ponto de ele se interessar e defender o SUS como espaço de trabalho. É interessante enfatizar que as experiências produziram o que denomino gestos, movimentos que poderão inspirar ou instigar estudantes e profissionais da saúde na reflexão a respeito da formação.

This work results of a professional master's initiative and combined scientific research with literary art, especially the novel Blindness, by José Saramago. The objective of this research: developing a essay based on a argumentation process to think about my health trainig from different experiences. To develop it, using the following argument: my experiences in the Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) are an difference in my Physical Education training. To demonstrate the validity of this argument, I raised premises and I discussed about them in order to complete this process of argument. They are: (1) diversification of service-learning scenario; (2) students approach with the work environment; (3) interprofessional experience with a view to the exercise of integrality; (4) openness to other ways of thinking the body in Physical Education training. The purpose of the experiences of research participants,

was made a meeting with two activities: written individual narratives and conversation circle like a focus group. As a result, presents experiences of service-learning of Physical Education students in primary care / primary health care from the PET-Saúde Project in the USP-Capital, version 2010-2012. From these, we point out that there have been changes in ways of thinking and operating health practices, beyond transform the professional at way of make him interested in defends the SUS as workspace. It is interesting to emphasize that the experiences have produced what I call gestures, movements that may inspire or instigate students and health professionals in reflection about the training.